Introduction: In this study we investigated morphological structure of Cyprinidae fish, kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum Kamenskii, 1901) in Caspian Sea using truss network system.Methods: Samples were collected from two beach seine and gill net fisheries cooperation's located in two main fishing areas of this species in the western (Bandare-Astara) and the eastern (Bandare-Kiyashahr) shore of Guilan province. Truss distance as well as eye diameter, interorbital, total length, fork length width of 23 samples were measured in ichthyological research laboratory. Findings: Our results by using Statistical analysis (One-way ANOVA) for morphological characteristics revealed that 14 morphological traits showed significant differences that showed relatively high phenotypic diversity among samples in the two kutum populations. Morphological characters including: total length, standard length, eye diameter and landmark distances including: dorsal first spine and pectoral fin, snout and pelvic fin, the upper branch of caudal fin and the lower branch of caudal fin, the first upper branch of caudal fin and the last soft branch of pelvic fin, the last soft branch of dorsal fin and the first spin of pelvic fin, the last soft branch of dorsal fin and the upper branch of caudal fin, the first lower branch of caudal fin and the last soft branch of pelvic fin, the posterior part of pelvic fin and the last soft branch of dorsal fin, the first upper branch of caudal fin and the first spin of pelvic fin, snout and basement membrane gill and the first spin of dorsal fin and basement membrane gill. In principle, any measured distances between landmarks may serve as characters for morphometric analyses. We described methodologically a geometric protocol for cyprinid fish species morphological character measurements, the truss network system, which enforces systematic coverage of the form and exhaustively and redundantly archives the landmark configuration.

This study was undertaken with the aim of morphological comparison among deepwater goby, Ponticola bathybius populationsin the southern Caspian Sea. A total of 185 specimens were captured from Bandar-e-Anzali (64 specimens), Salmanshahr (61 specimens) and Miankaleh (60 specimens) using a long beach seine from March to April 2014. 17 landmarks were marked on the left side of body and then 135 interlandmark distances were analyzed using truss-based morphometric method. Also, nine meristic features were counted. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) on morphometric data showed separation among Bandar-e-Anzali, Salmanshahr and Miankaleh population groups (P< 0.05), as in assignment tests using a jack-knifing method, the average proportions of correct assignments were 68%. Non parametric multivariate analysis of Variance MANOVA analysis of the meristic data revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among three population groups (P< 0.001). The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) revealed discreteness between Miankaleh population samples than the two other population samples.

Among the environmental factors, water temperature has a significant effect on many aspects of fish life. This study was carried out to examine effects of water temperature on body shape of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus during the early stages of life using truss network system. A total of 150 newly-born fry were reared in three temperature treatments (22, 28 and 34°C) for 40 days. At the end of experiment, the left side of the specimens was photographed. To achieve the body shape data, 13 landmark-points were digitized using tpsDig2 software. The extracted data were justified with generalized procrustes analysis, then the differences of body shape among groups were investigated using the principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis (CVA) and cluster analysis (CA). There were significant differences in body shape of the treatments. The results of CVA and CA indicated that one of the important factors in the aquatic habitats is water temperature that influences the body shape of the Nile tilapia during the first stages (larval and juvenile stages) of growth.

In recent years, special truss moment frames (STMFs) have been widely used as a relatively new steel frame system for seismic hazard zones. These frames dissipate seismic energy through special ductile segments embedded near the middle of the span of the truss beam. In this study, the seismic behavior of STMFs with Truss columns was investigated by nonlinear static analysis (pushover), cyclic static analysis, and time history analysis and compared with the common STMFs reported in the literature. To achieve this goal, two 2D models with the same characteristics were converted into a nonlinear model based on seismic design criteria, design and with the help of the concentrated plasticity method. the results showed that STMFs with Truss columns have a better seismic performance than STMFs with filled-web columns. Compared to ordinary STMFs, ductility and energy dissipation were enhanced, hinges were more distributed at higher performance levels, and drifts were more evenly and uniformly distributed on stories for STMFs with Truss columns. In addition, STMFs were more affordable due to their lower weight and can be used to install pipes through Web columns.

Staggered truss system is one of the types of lateral bracing systems in steel structures. In this system, lateral forces are transmitted through the rigid floor diaphragm between adjacent trusses. The columns of the staggered truss system are placed only in the outer walls and the middle columns are removed. Hence, a large open space without columns is achievable, which is architecturally appropriate. In this paper, the effect of geometric characteristics of staggered truss systems such as the ratio of the opening length, the type and arrangement of the side trusses in seismic performance is investigated using ETABS software. For this purpose, the ability of the analytical model was first validated to estimate the available experimental results. It was observed that the analytical result is in good agreement with the results of the Experimental model. Then, by examining several different models, the effect of the length of the middle opening was investigated on the seismic parameters of the Staggered truss system. The results showed that the ratio of the length of the middle opening is very important in seismic performance; So that this ratio can have a direct effect on the ductility and stiffness of the structure. Finally, the effect of truss type used in side openings was evaluated on the best span ratio based on the best level of seismic performance. In this paper, three types of structures are used: short, medium and high.

Spirlin, Alburnoideseichwaldii, is an abundant riverine fish in the southern Caspian Sea basin. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological structure of Alburnoideseichwaldii populations in Karganrud and Chalus rivers based on morphometric characters, using truss network system. Sixty specimens of Spirlin from the rivers (30 specimens were caught in August 2010 from each river) were studied and compared. Fourteen landmarks were selected and 91 distances were measured between the landmarks on the left side of each specimen. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Discriminate Function Analysis (DFA) were applied to identify influential truss variables to differentiate between populations and sexes. The results showed that the morphometric characters were not useful for separating the sexes Discriminate Function Analysis separated these two populations. These variables seem to be under the influence of environmental factors such as water flow, the slope of the rivers, water physicochemical conditions and feed conditions of the fish populations.

Optimal design of large-scale structures is a rather difficult task and the computational efficiency of the currently available methods needs to be improved. In view of this, the paper presents a modified Charged System Search (CSS) algorithm. The new methodology is based on the combination of CSS and Particle Swarm Optimizer. In addition, in order to improve optimization search, the sequence of tasks entailed by the optimization process is changed so that the updating of the design variables can directly be performed after each movement. In this way, the new method acts as a single-agent algorithm while preserving the positive characteristics of its original multi-agent formulation.

Vibrating Particles System (VPS) optimization is a recently developed metaheuristic algorithm for optimization. This algorithm is inspired by the free vibration of freedom systems' single degree with viscous damping. In this method, each answer is modeled as a particle that moves to its equilibrium position; new positions of the vibrating particle system are updated according to a historically best position. Enhanced Vibrating Particles System (EVPS) uses new approaches to improve the performance of the VPS algorithm. In this study, a dynamic method and modal based approach consisting of natural frequencies and mode shapes are used in the objective function formulation. To demonstrate the performance of the VPS and EVPS, di erent truss structures including several multiple elements scenarios with noise and without noise in modal data are considered for detecting damage problems. Additionally, all scenarios are studied with signi cant mutations. Results show that the EVPS algorithm has reached better answer than the VPS algorithm for damage detection problems.

Background and Objective: I this study, morphological characteristics of two populations of Aphanius dispar from two sulfur springs of Ahram and Dalaki in Bushehr were compared investigated. Method: Totally sixty specimens, 30 from each spring, were caught by cone net. The morphological results were first standardized by Beckham equation and then investigated by principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA) and clustering analysis (CA). Wilks' Lambda test was used to compare the differences observed in the studied groups. Findings: Among the 78 truss intervals analyzed, 42 intervals showed a significant in the populations of A. dispar in Ahram and Dalki rivers (P<0. 05). The studied populations are distinguished especially by pre anal, body height, distance from pectoral fin to ventral fin, distance from pectoral fin to anal fin, caudal peduncle length, head length, pre orbital, pre ventral and dorsal length. Discussion and Conclusion: Apparently, the morphological differences between the two populations signifies distinct stocks in the studied rivers.

This study was conducted to compare the morphological characteristics of wild and farmed common carp. In total 70 samples of common carp, including 25 samples of wild from Torkaman port and 45 samples of farmed common carp from Silver carp center in Gilan province were collected. Morphometric results were standardized using Elliott formula, and then principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were used. Independent t-test was used to evaluate the significance of traits between these two populations. The results of this study revealed that the two populations of wild and farmed common craps were completely separated from each other, using PCA and individuals were assigned to their true population with high accuracy (98%) based on DFA. Among the 33 truss distances that were analyzed, 16 distances showed a significant difference between two populations (p<0. 05). The results showed that the studied populations can be distinguished by many morphological differences, especially by dorsal fin length, pectoral fin length, pelvic fin length, anal fin length, dorsal fin width, body width, tail stem width, distance between pectoral and pelvic fin, distance from mouth to dorsal fin and the distance from the mouth to the anal fin. Overall, the results showed that the population of wild carp was significantly different from the population of farmed common carp from the morphological point of view.